β-endorphin, Dynorphin and Enkephalins are the three biologically active opioids described in the hypothalamus. Opiates can evoke feeding, but in contrast to NPY induced feeding, their effect is relatively modest and short lived.
β-endorphin is produced from the POMC precursor PP, which also yields the non-opioid peptides ACTH and α MSH. Microinjection of β-endorphin into the VMN, PVN or DMN stimulates feeding. NPY immunopositive terminals have synaptic contacts with β-endorphin containing dendrites. Also, NPY stimulates β-endorphin release in the hypothalamus. These suggest that NPY may induce feeding directly on its own and also by stimulating β-endorphins in the PVN. β-endorphins may mediate the actions of Galanin. J Neuroendocrinol. 1995 Aug;7(8):579-88.
Dynorphin A1-17, is derived from the precursor pro-dynorphin. Dynorphin stimulates feeding by activating the kappa opiate receptor subtype. Dynorphin producing cells are found in the Arcuate nucleus and the PVN
β-endorphin is produced from the POMC precursor PP, which also yields the non-opioid peptides ACTH and α MSH. Microinjection of β-endorphin into the VMN, PVN or DMN stimulates feeding. NPY immunopositive terminals have synaptic contacts with β-endorphin containing dendrites. Also, NPY stimulates β-endorphin release in the hypothalamus. These suggest that NPY may induce feeding directly on its own and also by stimulating β-endorphins in the PVN. β-endorphins may mediate the actions of Galanin. J Neuroendocrinol. 1995 Aug;7(8):579-88.
Dynorphin A1-17, is derived from the precursor pro-dynorphin. Dynorphin stimulates feeding by activating the kappa opiate receptor subtype. Dynorphin producing cells are found in the Arcuate nucleus and the PVN